Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Amendment Of The Declaration Of Independence Essay
Americans we are given certain ââ¬Å"freedomsâ⬠that other countries may not be entitled to. In 1976 the Declaration of Independence was signed and included the Bill of Rights. In 1791, the Bill of Rights was ratified into the constitution. The purpose of this document was to spell out the liberties of the people the government could not infringe upon. In other words, it was written to protect Americans from abuse of power by different areas of their government. Each amendment says what the government is capable of doing or limits its powers by providing certain rules they must abide by. Each of these amendments plays an important role in todayââ¬â¢s society. For instance, the fourth amendment is mainly about privacy, and has been implemented to protect against unreasonable searches and seizures by State, or Federal law enforcement authorities (Foner A-31). It states that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonabl e searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Kaci 221). Many Americans assume if there is no warrant then there is no entry. However, this is not always correct. The fourth amendment applies to a search if a person has a ââ¬Å"legitimate expectation of privacyâ⬠in the place or thing searched. The fourth Amendment was added to the UnitedShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of The Magna Carta789 Words à |à 4 Pagessame ideas in the Magna Carta influenced the Amendments to our US Constitution. The amendments to the US Constitution incorporated the same protections found in the Bill of Rights and the Magna Carta. One of these protections are seen in Clause 1 of the Magna Carta which involves the freedom of the Church of England. This same provision is seen in our 1st Amendment to our US Constitution which outlines our freedom of religion. Also, our 8th Amendment which states, ââ¬Å"Excessive bail shall not be requiredRead MoreTheu.s. Bill Of Rights And The Un Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1039 Words à |à 5 PagesRights in the U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights are documents that were created to tell the rights we as human beings are entitled to have. The documents were designed to keep order so we can live productive lives. The documents stop us from being taken advantage of and extorted by others. The U.S. Bill of Rights and the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights offers us a voice to say what we needRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : The United States1552 Words à |à 7 Pagesonly possible by their bravery and the creation of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was a document that was written by Thomas Jefferson, who was 33 years old at the time. Only a few changes were made by Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. The document was written for the many reasons why the American Colonist wanted to break ties with Britain. The first of the many reasons that lead to The Declaration of Independence was The Stamp Act of 1765. It was the first direct,Read MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : What Shaped And Provided The Freedom The United States Of America1030 Words à |à 5 PagesAbstract The declaration of Independence is what shaped and provided the freedom the United States of America has today. The Declaration of Independence today is looked at a symbol for America to reflect on as it paved the way for most of the rights we have today. This document has been fundamental to american history longer than any other text because it was the first text to use ââ¬Å"The United States of Americaâ⬠and in a sense the Declaration was the birth certificate of the American nationRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Federalist Papers Essay1640 Words à |à 7 Pageslot of topics are discussed, but if it werenââ¬â¢t for the Constitution, Declaration of Independence and Federalist papers. How far would the world get on a day to day bases? The constitution is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed (Oxford Dictionaries). The Constitution was written the same place the Declaration of Independence was signed. The constitution was written during the Philadelphia ConventionRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Declaration Of Independence1176 Words à |à 5 Pagessense of integrity and determination to fabricate the Declaration of Independence - a historical document that pleads King George III for independence and stresses the importance of freedom, equality, and natural rights. Though the Declaration of Independence signifies the birth of America and represents a powerful landmark in our history, when looked at from a broad spectrum, it can be seen as arrogant, ironic, and controversial. The Declaration states, ââ¬Å" â⬠¦ all men are created equal, that they areRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The American De claration Of Independence1525 Words à |à 7 PagesAmerican Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the other hand, The Declaration of Independence is theRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Rights Movement1727 Words à |à 7 Pagescommunity in America. Homosexuals should have the same rights as heterosexual in the United States because the Declaration of Independence gives all Americans natural rights. The constitution guarantees to each person of the United States equal protection under the laws. Freedom from discrimination is a basic human right. Marriage is about love and supporting one another The Declaration of Independence is the founding document of the American political tradition. It articulates the fundamental ideas thatRead MoreThe Nature Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln741 Words à |à 3 Pagesimportant scripts just over two minutes. Lincoln repeated the equality embraced by the Declaration of Independence, and affirmed the struggle of Civil War fighting over the power from the secession crisis not just for the Union, but also for the principle of humanity with a new birth of freedom to gather the true Declaration of Independence equality for all citizen. The nature of the Declaration of Independence was formed in liberty that all men have equal rights, which means they no longer underRead MoreAge Of Enlightenment1210 Words à |à 5 Pagesand Catholicism were dominant over other ways of life. Although the Enlightenment primarily prevailed in parts of Europe in countries such as England and France, it was also crucial in determining several aspects of colonial America. The Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights, two of the most fundamental documents of American law, are perhaps the crowning achievements of the Enlightenment. Specifically impacted by John Locke, Benedict Spinoza, and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in the realms
Monday, December 16, 2019
Foundation and Empire 10. The War Ends Free Essays
Lathan Devers felt definitely uncomfortable, and vaguely resentful. He had received his own decoration and withstood with mute stoicism the turgid oratory of the mayor which accompanied the slip of crimson ribbon. That had ended his share of the ceremonies, but, naturally, formality forced him to remain. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation and Empire 10. The War Ends or any similar topic only for you Order Now And it was formality, chiefly ââ¬â the type that couldnââ¬â¢t allow him to yawn noisily or to swing a foot comfortably onto a chair seat ââ¬â that made him long to be in space, where he belonged. The Siwennese delegation, with Ducem Barr a lionized member, signed the Convention, and Siwenna became the first province to pass directly from the Empireââ¬â¢s political rule to the Foundationââ¬â¢s economic one. Five Imperial Ships of the Line ââ¬â captured when Siwenna rebelled behind the lines of the Empireââ¬â¢s Border Fleet ââ¬â flashed overhead, huge and massive, detonating a roaring salute as they passed over the city. Nothing but drinking, etiquette, and small talk now. A voice called him. It was Forell; the man who, Devers realized coldly, could buy twenty of him with a morningââ¬â¢s profits ââ¬â but a Forell who now crooked a finger at him with genial condescension. He stepped out upon the balcony into the cool night wind, and bowed properly, while scowling into his bristling beard. Barr was there, too; smiling. He said, ââ¬Å"Devers, youââ¬â¢ll have to come to my rescue. Iââ¬â¢m being accused of modesty, a horrible and thoroughly unnatural crime.â⬠ââ¬Å"Devers,â⬠Forell removed the fat cigar from the side of his mouth when he spoke, ââ¬Å"Lord Barr claims that your trip to Cleonââ¬â¢s capital had nothing to do with the recall of Riose.â⬠ââ¬Å"Nothing at all, sir.â⬠Devers was curt. ââ¬Å"We never saw the Emperor. The reports we picked up on our way back concerning the trial, showed it up to be the purest frameup. There was a mess of rigmarole about the general being tied up with subversive interests at the court.â⬠ââ¬Å"And he was innocent?â⬠ââ¬Å"Riose?â⬠interposed Barr. ââ¬Å"Yes! By the Galaxy, yes. Brodrig was a traitor on general principles but was never guilty of the specific accusations brought against him. It was a judicial farce; but a necessary one, a predictable one, an inevitable one.â⬠ââ¬Å"By psychohistorical necessity, I presume.â⬠Forell rolled the phrase sonorously with the humorous ease of long familiarity. ââ¬Å"Exactly.â⬠Barr grew serious. ââ¬Å"It never penetrated earlier, but once it was over and I couldâ⬠¦ wellâ⬠¦ look at the answers in the back of the book, the problem became simple. We can see, now, that the social background of the Empire makes wars of conquest impossible for it. Under weak Emperors, it is tom apart by generals competing for a worthless and surely death-bringing throne. Under strong Emperors, the Empire is frozen into a paralytic rigor in which disintegration apparently ceases for the moment, but only at the sacrifice of all possible growth.â⬠Forell growled bluntly through strong puffs, ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not clear, Lord Barr.â⬠Barr smiled slowly. ââ¬Å"I suppose so. Itââ¬â¢s the difficulty of not being trained in psychohistory. Words are a pretty fuzzy substitute for mathematical equations. But letââ¬â¢s see now-ââ¬Å" Barr considered, while Forell relaxed, back to railing, and Devers looked into the velvet sky and thought wonderingly of Trantor. Then Barr said, ââ¬Å"You see, sir, you ââ¬â and Devers ââ¬â and everyone no doubt, had the idea that beating the Empire meant first prying apart the Emperor and his general. You, and Devers, and everyone else were right ââ¬â right all the time, as far as the principle of internal disunion was concerned. ââ¬Å"You were wrong, however, in thinking that this internal split was something to be brought about by individual acts, by inspirations of the moment. You tried bribery and lies. You appealed to ambition and to fear. But you got nothing for all your pains. In fact, appearances were worse after each attempt. ââ¬Å"And through all this wild threshing up of tiny ripples, the Seldon tidal wave continued onward, quietly ââ¬â but quite irresistibly.â⬠Ducem Barr turned away, and looked over the railing at the lights of a rejoicing city. He said, ââ¬Å"There was a dead hand pushing all of us; the mighty general and the great Emperor; my world and your world ââ¬â the dead hand of Hari Seldon. He knew that a man like Riose would have to fail, since it was his success that brought failure; and the greater the success, the surer the failure.â⬠Forell said dryly, ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t say youââ¬â¢re getting clearer.â⬠ââ¬Å"A moment,â⬠continued Barr earnestly. ââ¬Å"Look at the situation. A weak general could never have endangered us, obviously. A strong general during the time of a weak Emperor would never have endangered us, either; for he would have turned his arms towards a much more fruitful target. Events have shown that three-fourths of the Emperors of the last two centuries were rebel generals and rebel viceroys before they were Emperors. ââ¬Å"So it is only the combination of strong Emperor and strong general that can harm the Foundation; for a strong Emperor can not be dethroned easily, and a strong general is forced to turn outwards, past the frontiers. ââ¬Å"But, what keeps the Emperor strong? What kept Cleon strong? Itââ¬â¢s obvious. He is strong, because he permits no strong subjects. A courtier who becomes too rich, or a general who becomes too popular is dangerous. All the recent history of the Empire proves that to any Emperor intelligent enough to be strong. ââ¬Å"Riose won victories, so the Emperor grew suspicious. All the atmosphere of the times forced him to be suspicious. Did Riose refuse a bribe? Very suspicious; ulterior motives. Did his most trusted courtier suddenly favor Riose? Very suspicious; ulterior motives. It wasnââ¬â¢t the individual acts that were suspicious. Anything else would have done which is why our individual plots were unnecessary and rather futile. It was the success of Riose that was suspicious. So he was recalled, and accused, condemned, murdered. The Foundation wins again. ââ¬Å"Look, there is not a conceivable combination of events that does not result in the Foundation winning. It was inevitable; whatever Riose did, whatever we did.â⬠The Foundation magnate nodded ponderously. ââ¬Å"So! But what if the Emperor and the general had been the same person. Hey? What then? Thatââ¬â¢s a case you didnââ¬â¢t cover, so you havenââ¬â¢t proved your point yet.â⬠Barr shrugged. ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t prove anything; I havenââ¬â¢t the mathematics. But I appeal to your reason. With an Empire in which every aristocrat, every strong man, every pirate can aspire to the Throne ââ¬â and, as history shows, often successfully ââ¬â what would happen to even a strong Emperor who preoccupied himself with foreign wars at the extreme end of the Galaxy? How long would he have to remain away from the capital before somebody raised the standards of civil war and forced him home. The social environment of the Empire would make that time short. ââ¬Å"I once told Riose that not all the Empireââ¬â¢s strength could swerve the dead hand of Hari Seldon.â⬠ââ¬Å"Good! Good!â⬠Forell was expansively pleased. ââ¬Å"Then you imply the Empire can never threaten us again.â⬠ââ¬Å"It seems to me so,â⬠agreed Barr. ââ¬Å"Frankly, Cleon may not live out the year, and thereââ¬â¢s going to be a disputed succession almost as a matter of course, which might mean the last civil war for the Empire.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then,â⬠said Forell, ââ¬Å"there are no more enemies.â⬠Barr was thoughtful. ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s a Second Foundation.â⬠ââ¬Å"At the other end of the Galaxy? Not for centuries.â⬠Devers turned suddenly at this, and his face was dark as he faced Forell. ââ¬Å"There are internal enemies, perhaps.â⬠ââ¬Å"Are there?â⬠asked Forell, coolly. ââ¬Å"Who, for instance?â⬠ââ¬Å"People, for instance, who might like to spread the wealth a bit, and keep it from concentrating too much out of the hands that work for it. See what I mean?â⬠Slowly, Forellââ¬â¢s gaze lost its contempt and grew one with the anger of Deversââ¬â¢ own. How to cite Foundation and Empire 10. The War Ends, Essay examples
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Company Valuation Ratios and Endogeneity â⬠Free Samples to Students
Question: Discuss about the Company Valuation Ratios and Endogeneity. Answer: Introduction Barnes and Noble Company is a major American organization that deals with selling of books. It remains as the content as well as commerce organizations that provide the right of entry to trade books along with some subject matter across its policy that forms a multi-channel distribution. The company bases its operations support in two segments. These segments comprise of retails of Barnes and Noble (RN Vend) along with NOOK (Ferguson, 2014). Besides, BN Company participates in the retailing of large volumes of books. Some books that the company deals with are hardcover together with paperback consumer titles. The company also engages in the massive marketing of paperbacks that include the romance, mystery, novel of science, along with other fictions. Other engagements of the company include services of retailing to eBooks, kids books, and other textbooks for subjects. Others include materials relating to courses taught in learning institutions, NOOK along with associated bargain book s, accessories, magazines, gifts, products of caf along with activities, toys for education, and music, games, and films straight to clients throughout its stores book (Kingl, 2013). The company also offers its esteemed and targeted customers a suite of textbook options, used, new, rental, and digital. BN Company target clients broadly that encompasses of all Americans by narrowing down to women with kids and non-technology savvy shoppers for the NOOK. The primary task of the BN Company is to control the best area business in American society despite the product it deals with the market (Barnes Noble, Inc, 2016). The mission focuses on the operation of the company largely because the products it deals with are the sell of books. The mission makes the aspiration of its operations to be reliable with the measure and the principles of the sizes that line its shelves. The mission of the company exists independent of its product that it sells in demeaning the importance and the distinction of being sellers of the books. The primary task of the Barnes and Noble Company describes its current business practices together with its purpose. It aids in depicting what the company focuses on achieving and why it is operating. Therefore, a well-established mission statement of the BN Company has been essential in establishing the memorable identity about its operations to its customers. The company believes the development in its sales will continue to rise over the coming years. The sales are developing at the flat rate and achieving thrust daily. The company has a vision that makes it sure that in the coming days, its market divide will grow across every segment of the corporation as its investments in the future payoff. The vision of the Barnes and Noble Company tend to give its clients the view of organizations plan of its business operations. The vision of this company focuses on the acceleration of the digital and online sales (Haimes, 2017). Barnes and Noble Company continue to be well positionable in the market to achieve the significant share of the thrilling advanced marketplace. The company has the culture of operating mainly through bookseller chain of bookstores. The culture of the company offers the insight into its current vision and branding. The top corporation, the domain of retailers of the company, culture of BN Company specializes in the distributing and retailing of paperbacks. Besides, the slogan of the company is the brief, tremendous catch slogan, tagline, or motor applicable to recognize its products or particular country Ads. The Ads slogan linked with operations of the culture of BN Company is The Booksellers. Therefore, the culture of Culture of Barnes and noble Company is to control the idea channel of vend business within the United States (Barnes Noble, Inc, 2016). The stores of the company are open daily, and customers have the opportunities to purchase its well-applauded NOOK tools along with the range of assortment of games, paperbacks, newsstand titles, toys, together with music. Business operations of Barnes and Noble Company Business operations of Barnes and Noble Company comprise of the selling of books globally. It remains to be the largest bookseller in the global markets as well as the leading retailer of content, educational products, and digital media. The company operates its business activities in six hundred and thirty-two Barnes and Noble bookstores in fifty different states. The company continues as one of the premier e-commercial sites on the internet like the NB.com. Moreover, NOOK Digital production of the business provides the schedule of trendy NOOK devices along with online contents together with the expensive compilation of digital interpretation content throughout the NOOK stores (Mission Nation Publishing Company, 2016). Besides, business operations of the Barnes and Noble Company involve carrying and selling of traditionally paperbacks and hardcover books. It also sells the digital books, the NOOK digital book tool, along with the book-publishing branch. In order to complement the sa le of these products in the marketplace, the company also deals with the sales of different products such as toys, magazines, games, music, educational materials, gifts, and accessories. Barnes and Noble Company have the exclusive brand as well as position in the global markets. The company places its business operations as the retail store as opposed to original books. For the company to stay and benefit in the competitive marketplace with its business operations like Amazon, it focuses on increasing its foot traffic and driving sales. According to Peou (2014), business services for the Barnes and Noble Company are more than just bookstores. It expands its operations by offering different products to its targeted customers such as gadgets, toys, games, and other gifts. All these extra products provided by the renowned bookseller help it in redesigning the nations major chain of the bookstore into the routine product (van Bekkum Smit, 2012). For the brands and image of the company, it does not have a particular sign or symbol other than their tradition label of Barnes and Noble that continues to be distinctive with green together with gold color. During business ope rations by the company, the in-store activities along with different programs aid in the creation of great experience style of branding and are the present focus and priority of operations. From the time that the Barnes and noble Company entered into the digital books marketplace in 2009, it has noticed its s processes of business move progressively online. Consequently, BN Company had increasingly turned to clome most of its retail stores to aid in the reduction of overhead and increase its revenues (Oosthuizen et al., 2016). Besides, the business operations of the company have led to the development of the global character for superiority by helping several loyal clients with its complete range of general books of trade, textbooks, academic labels, along with health books. The financial plan of BN Company focuses on the cost of the plan of operations, success, and achieving the set objectives. Barnes and Noble Company had signed a business credit agreement with Banks of American leaders back in the days of 2009. The agreement between the two parties offered the organization with pledges some as elevated as the more currencies. By getting secure credit agreement, the company signed a 4-year contract that will be rewardable for prospect operations (The Teardown: Barnes Noble Nook HD+ Tablet, 2013). The deal received a backing by the corporations assets as accounts receivable along with inventory. The principal purpose of the collected money was to aid the company to have a working capital. The company has been able to operate by getting additional capital through acquisitions. Some of the purchase that the operations of the company aim to profit from is the BN College, Fictionwise, along with Tikatok both in 2009. Throughout the gaining of BN College by the organization after the agreement of stock purchase with the seller of the corporation, enable it to improve its production. Besides, Tikatok remains to be another website podium that made it likely for kids as well as their relatives to have the privilege to inscribe, show, and print paperbacks. The attainment of Tikatok contacted people ready to benefit from the project relating to the goods that the organization sells (Mission Nation Publishing Company, 2016). Besides, the company operates a policy agreed upon by its board of directors of acquiring dividends by paying at the yearly rate of zero point six US dollars for each share of supply of corporation. The share is always payable in four different installments of zero point one-five US dollars for every share of shared stock of the organization. Therefore, there is a need to keep the stores of Barnes and Noble Company in position to impel to come along with digital trades and flows of money. The primary strategy the company focuses on the techniques of attracting competitors customers. The company aims at attracting the customers from the enterprise like Amazon who is its chief competitor. The primary initiative for the success of the Barnes and Noble Company mainly focus on the making the sales of its books to grow much above its major competitors such as Amazon. In order to carry out the strategy of attracting competitors, the company uses two tactics that include incentives with messages (E?business optionsm, 2013). On the approach of using initiative, Barnes and Noble Company always tend to offer purchased discounts to every customer based on likely obtained data. The company focuses on the collection of primary data on the pattern of purchase by customers to aid it in leveraging their membership capacities. Additionally, the operations of the company involve the use of price matching technique for its clients for same books that it offers and checking on the website of its competitors (The Teardown: Barnes Noble Nook HD+ Tablet, 2013). The idea helps the company in ensuring that multi-brand customers can purchase from the company because they can be able to attain the same price in-store that they can attain on websites of other competitors. The use of messaging in attracting the customers by the company revolves around the dynamic benefit of having real stores. The company focuses on the strategies that can defend its operations against the competitive product. Even though the competitors of Barnes and Noble Company like Amazon has been able to manage to place their services as the e-reading leaders, Barnes and Noble Company has the prospect to overtake such competitors. The company focuses on the strategies that do not only aim at increasing its sales but also subscription of its members with products of NOOK. Besides, the company concentrates on the ideas that aim at raising the awareness of the targeted and loyal customers of the benefits of the NOOK over other competitors in the marketplace with the Ads campaigns. The advertisements always emphasize on the compelling advantages of the experience together with atmosphere offered by the Barnes and Noble Company (E?business options, 2013). The other strategy by the company focuses on the strength of its brands by forming strong loyalty of multi-brand customers in the global markets. The bu ilding of brand loyalty among customers has enabled Barnes and Noble Company to base its emphasis on dynamic benefits while ensuring that the clients prefer their brand to other businesses like Amazon. The company has over one thousand two hundred college as well as retail bookstores across fifty states. The development of many stores by the Barnes and Noble Company has made it be the number one brick and mortar book retailer in the United States. Besides, employment of over thirty-five thousand employees to govern the stores globally has enabled it to meet every need of their customer. Given the state of the business operations of the company and practices of competing in the market, the company has been able to reduce the prices of their products leading to huge returns in the operations. Moreover, business operations include different business structures, like the discount model. It uses two retail firms that include online along with brick and mortar retail stores in selling its products (Haimes, 2017). Although these business operations by the company engage margins received from selling of books, the marketplace of the e-book has resulted in solid gain since its start leading to declination on the production and sales of printed books. The company has also been able to shed some retail stores with the focus of maintaining the profitability of the stores that remain in the global market. The company focuses on being the best in their operations despite its size, history, or likings of its rivals. The mission allows the company to continue with activities that aim at bringing its tones of approach to promoting the book that remains consistent with its growth objectives (Goolsbee Chevalier, 2012). Therefore, the primary mission of the Barnes and Noble Company is to remain as the acclaim to societies that it serves, the precious resource to its clients, and regions where its devoted booksellers can prosper. Therefore, the vision of the Barnes and Noble Company is evident at positioning where corporation focuses on reaching in the coming days, and it remains optimism to progress along with progress into the digital marketplace. The danger that arises in the operations of the Barnes and Noble Company stems from the methods used in deriving the strategies of the company. The risk of counting bulk purchases by the enterprise makes the company get into the war of prices with its competitors in the market. Such wars always cause the company loses its money and clients potentially. The other hazard is that once the customer's start using the set discounts on various products of the company, they only continue to purchase goods in bulk at below price from BN (Ashley et al., 2011). Another hazard arises in the case of offering Nook version of the book free of charge when the targeted client buys the paper making the publisher get upset that they are unable to get profits from sales of eBooks. The idea of offering free books always makes publishers stop distributing eBooks to Barnes and Noble Company (Wade, 2015). The idea of giving free books has made the company incur huge operational costs in hiring the new adver tising organizations to handle the challenges that result in their campaign teams and then create the new one that can attract a huge number of clients. The company faces danger in the process of adjusting its branding and related advertising models. The idea of redesigning website by the company in some cases fails to be appealing to their targeted customers. There are always rising cases with the issue involving the overall design or maybe the inventory may have incorrect list. The problem of piracy of books also affects the operations of Barnes and Noble Company (Barnes Noble, Inc, 2016). The invention of digital tools that enable an individual to download reading material instead of having to purchase it from bookstores has led to fresh critical entrants to the marketplace. Besides, the invention of the Kindle and iPad has gained these two devices to obtain popularity that the use of NOOK (Heitger Heitger, 2015). Therefore, the hazards in the operations of Barnes and Noble Company arises from the threat of new entrants, customer bargaining strengths, threats of substitution, rivalry with the company, and suppliers bargaining po wers. Risk issues affecting profitability The competition imposed by other companies that deals with the distribution and sales of books such as Amazon, affects profit earn by the Barnes and Noble Company. The competition imposed to operations of the Barnes and Noble Company makes it use the huge sum of money on looking for the ideal approaches to improving its services. Presence of competitors in the market makes the company lose their loyal customers to other stores that might have best services in the sales of books (Roson, 2015). The loss in some buyers leads to the negative effect on the amount of profit earned by the company. The competitors can make the company lose its revenue because of the price variations in products, and many customers will opt to buy products from the stores that offer products of lower costs. The need of the company to compete with these businesses in reducing their prices make the company to make fewer profits as they aim at maintaining their loyal customers (Barnes et al., 2013). The pressure imposed by competitors like Amazon make the Barnes and Noble Company invest the huge amount in improving their services and employing more workers to be able to offer the ideal environment that most customers will need. The process of using a many labor force make the company use the huge amount of money that they earn during their operations to pay workers hence making the company remain with little profits. Therefore, the company must form ideal ways to deal with competition in the market. References Ashley, C., Noble, S., Donthu, N., Lemon, K. (2011). Why customers won't relate: Obstacles to relationship marketing engagement. Journal Of Business Research, 64(7), 749-756. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.07.006 Barnes Noble, Inc. (2016). Analytical Chemistry, 41(3), 71A-71A. https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60272a766 Barnes, D., Hinton, M., Mieczkowska, S. (2013). Competitive advantage through e-operations. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 14(6), 659-675. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478336032000053816 E?business options. (2013). Strategic Direction, 19(2), 31-33. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02580540310794336 Ferguson, C. (2014). Technology Left Behind -- Barnes and Noble Carves a nook in the eReader Market. Against The Grain, 22(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.7771/2380-176x.5870 Goolsbee, A., Chevalier, J. (2012). Measuring Prices and Price Competition Online: Amazon and Barnes and Noble. 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